Тема: Automation in Industry.
Цели: Ознакомить учащихся с новым материалом.
Развить способности выражать своё мнение, используя изученный материал.
Задачи:
1)
практиковать учащихся в восприятии речи на слух
2)
практиковать их в чтении с охватом основного содержания и с последующим
обсуждением прочитанного
3)
повторение грамматического материала.
Тип урока: Урок-дискуссия.
Оборудование: ИКТ,лекция
соответствующая содержанию урока.
Procedure
of the lesson
I. Organization moment:
Good morning? Glad to see you! How are you? What date is it today? Who is
absent today? What problem has he (she)? Are you ready for the lesson? Let’s
start!
II.
Brainstorming.
1) A game: «BE
HEALTHY»
1)Which letter is the
second letter of the alphabet? (b)
2) Which letter is the
fifth ? (e)
3)Which letter is the
eighth ? (h)
4) Which letter is the
fifth ? (e)
5)Which letter is the
first ? (a)
6) Which letter is the
twelfth ? (l)
7) Which letter is the
twentieth ? (t)
8) Which letter is the
eighth ?(h)
9) Which letter is the
twenty – fifth? (y)
Let’s wish each
other good health.So,I wish for each other good health
and to say “Be healthy!”
III. Hometask: text p.
12, Ex. 1.4 p.13
IV. Demonstration
of the new language:
Read and practice the
pronunciation of a new words:
Vocabulary:
automation — автоматизация
previously — ранее
sequence — последовательность
assemblyplant —
сборочный завод
non-manufacturing
— непроизводственный
device —
устройство, прибор
resemble —
походить
efficiency —
эффективность
flyballgovernor —
центробежный регулятор
steam engine — паровоз
household thermostat — бытовойтермостат
facilitate —
способствовать
punched —
перфорированный
aid — помощь
dimension — измерение, размеры
V.Read the text : Automation in Industry.
Automation is the system of manufacture
performing certain tasks, previously done by people, by machines only. The
sequences of operations are controlled automatically. The most familiar
example of a highly automated system is an assembly plant for automobiles or
other complex products.
The term automation is also used to
describe non-manufacturing systems in which automatic devices can operate
independently of human control. Such devices as automatic pilots, automatic
telephone equipment and automated control systems are used to perform various
operations much faster and better than could be done by people.
Automated manufacturing had several steps
in its development. Mechanization was the first step necessary in the
development of automation. The simplification of work made it possible to
design and build machines that resembled the motions of the worker. These
specialized machines were motorized and they had better production efficiency.
Industrial robots, originally designed
only to perform simple tasks in environments dangerous to human workers, are
now widely used to transfer, manipulate, and position both light and heavy workpieces
performing all the functions of a transfer machine.
In the 1920s the automobile industry for
the first time used an integrated system of production. This method of
production was adopted by most car manufacturers and became known as Detroit
automation.
The
feedback principle is used in all automatic-control mechanisms when machines
have ability to correct themselves. The feedback principle has been used for
centuries. An outstanding early example is the flyball governor, invented in
1788 by James Watt to control the speed of the steam engine. The common
household
thermostat
is another example of a feedback device.
Using feedback devices, machines can
start, stop, speed up, slow down, count, inspect, test, compare, and measure.
These operations are commonly applied to a wide variety of production
operations.
Computers
have greatly facilitated the use of feedback in manufacturing processes.
Computers gave rise to the development of numerically controlled machines. The
motions of these machines are controlled by punched paper or magnetic tapes. In
numerically controlled machining centres machine tools can perform several
different machining operations.
More recently, the introduction of
microprocessors and computers have made possible the development of computer-aided
design and computer-aided manufacture (CAD and CAM) technologies. When using
these systems a designer draws a part and indicates its dimensions with the
help of a mouse, light pen, or other input device. After the drawing has been
completed the computer automatically gives the instructions that direct a
machining centre to machine the part.
Another development using automation are
the flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). A computer in FMS can be used to
monitor and control the operation of the whole factory.
Automation
has also had an influence on the areas of the economy other than manufacturing.
Small computers are used in systems called word processors, which are rapidly
becoming a standard part of the modern office. They are used to edit texts, to
type letters and so on.
Automation in Industry.Many industries are
highly automated or use automation technology in some part of their operation.
In communications and especially in the telephone industry dialing and
transmission are all done automatically. Railways are also controlled by
automatic signaling devices, which have sensors that detect carriages passing a
particular point. In this way the movement and location of trains can be
monitored.
Not
all industries require the same degree of automation. Sales, agriculture, and
some service industries are difficult to automate, though agriculture industry
may become more mechanized, especially in the processing and packaging of
foods.
The automation technology in manufacturing
and assembly is widely used in car and other consumer product
industries.Nevertheless, each industry has its own concept of automation that
answers its particular production needs.
VI. Questions:
1.
How is the term automation defined in the text?
2.
What is the most «familiar example» of automation given in the text?
3.
What was the first step in the development of automaton?
4.
What were the first robots originally designed for?
5.
What was the first industry to adopt the new integrated system of production?
6.
What is feedback principle?
7.
What do the abbreviations CAM and CAD stand for?
8.
What is FMS?
9.
What industries use automation technologies?
VII.
Find the following words and word combinations in the text:
1.
автоматические устройства
2.
автоматизированное производство
3.
выполнять простые задачи
4.
как легкие, так и тяжелые детали
5.
интегрированная система производства
6.
принцип обратной связи
7.
механизм может разгоняться и тормозить
8.
компьютер автоматически посылает команды
9.
высокоавтоматизированная система
10.
непроизводственная система
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