The theme of the lesson: Climate.
Flora and fauna of the USA.
Цели:
Развитие
монологических умений по теме Climate. Flora and fauna of the USA . Совершенствование
умений информативного чтения и аудирования с извлечением специальной
информации.
Активизировать в речи учащихся
использование новой лексики.
Задачи:1) практиковать учащихся
в восприятии речи на слух
2) практиковать
их в чтении с охватом основного содержания и с последующим обсуждением
прочитанного; воспитание уважения к культурному наследию США.
3) повторение грамматического
материала прилагательные.
Тип урока: Обяснение новой темы
Оборудование: ИКТ, лекция
соответствующая содержанию урока, карты США , раздаточный материал для учащихся, компьютерные
презентации по теме «США.
Procedure
of the lesson
I. Organization moment: Good morning?
Glad to see you! How are you? What date is it? Who is absent today? What
problem has he (she)? Are you ready for the lesson? Let’s start!
II. Home task: The make a
report by internet
III.Brainstorming.
А)Участники перечисляют штаты
США.
Нью–Мексико,Колорадо,Нью-Йорк,Филаделфия,Калифорния,Иллинойс,Алабама,Аляска,Аризона,
Арканзас,Коннектикут,Северная,Дакота,ЮжнаяДакота,Делавэр,Флорида,Джорджия,Гавайи,Индиана,Канзас,Луизиана,Мэриленд,Массачусетс,Мичиган,Миннесота,Миссисипи,Миссури,Монтана,Небраска,Нью-Хемпшир,НьюДжерси,СевернаяКаролина,Огайо,Орегон,Пенсильвания,РодАйленд,Техас,Юта,Вермонд,
Виргиния,Вашингтон,Висконсин,Каролина,Вайоминг,Айдахо,Айова,Кентукки,Мэн,Невада,Оклахома,
Теннеси
Б) Участникам раздают
карточки с заданием, где они отмечают правильные ответы.
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IV. Speech Drill . ( Answer the
questions)
What do know about the USA ?
V. Demonstration of the
new language:
Vocabulary:
to range
— зд. Варьироваться wet — мокрый, сырой semi desert — полупустыня
desert — пустыня
severe — суровый to
determine — определят
main land mass — континентальная часть vast — обширный
rainfall — дождевые осадки
to grow (past grew, p.p. grown) — расти, произрастать the Sierra Nevada Mountains
— горы Сьерра Невада
average —средний;
similar —подобный to
stretch — простираться
shores — побережье
to remain — оставаться icebergs — айсберги
to be buried — быть похороненным, захоронены permanently
frozen land — вечная мерзлота
midnight sun — полуночное солнце
to melt — растопить, расплавить
two thirds of — две третьи чего-либо
to drop — падать, погружаться
to fall (past fell, p.p. fallen) — выпадать,
падать diverse
— разнообразный
semiarid — полупустынный (о климате)
coal — уголь copper —
медь lead — свинец timber — древесина
hazard — риск, опасность mud — грязь slide — оползень earthquake — землетрясение
environment — окружающая среда pollution — загрязнение fuel — топливо
acid rains — кислотные дожди carbon dioxide — двуокись углерода
VI. Demonstration of the new lexical
material.
Climate, natural resources and nature of the USA
The USA is the
fourth largest country in the world, after Russia, Canada and China. Including
the states of Alaska and Hawaii, the US covers an area of 9 millions square km.
The United States of America is a very diverse country. Its nature, climate,
population varies from the East Coast to the west, from the northern border to
the southern.
The USA is situated in the central
part of the North American Continent. It is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the
east, by the Pacific Ocean in the west and by the Gulf of Mexico in the south.
The climate varies from moderate to subtropical. Along the Pacific and Atlantic
coasts it is oceanic. The United States has many kinds of climate. The weather
ranges from the warm, wet conditions of the Appalachians to the semi-desert or
desert conditions in some of the western states. There are all kinds of
differences in the climate of the US.
There are
all kinds of differences in the climate of the US. For instance, all along the
western coast, the temperature changes little between winter and summer.
Climate is mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in
Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid in
the southwest.
For
instance, all along the western coast, the temperature changes little between
winter and summer. In some places, the average difference between July and
January is as little as 10 degrees Centigrade. The climate along the northern
part of this coast is similar to that of England.
Most of the USA territory is marked by sharp differences between
winter and summer. Average winter temperature is about 25 degrees below zero in
Alaska and up to 20 degrees above zero in Florida. Average summer temperature
varies from 14 degrees above zero in the western part and up to 32 degrees
above zero in the southeast. The largest amount of rainfall is noted in Alaska
and the southwest of the country. In winter the northern part of the USA
usually has a steady snow cover.
The largest rivers of the USA are the Mississippi, the Missouri,
the Yukon, the Columbia, and the Colorado. The Great Lakes are situated in the
northeast of the country. The region of the Cordilleras has semi deserts, while
the rest of the territory is rich in forests.
In California, where the climate is usually mild, the famous
fruit-raising area is located. Californian oranges, grapefruit and lemons are
sold all over the USA and other parts of the world.
The plains of Wyoming, stretching for hundreds of miles, are
covered with short grass and sagebrush. This is the land of cattle- and sheep
breeding. The south of the country has been an agricultural region for many
years. It raises the nation's cotton and tobacco. The USA also grows wheat,
corn and different vegetables.
There are a lot of national parks in the USA, the aim of which is
to preserve the beauty and treasures of the nature.
It varies from southern Arizona and southern Florida, where almost there
is no winter at all, to the territory of Montana, North Dakota and South
Dakota, where there are long, very cold and severe winters. In other words, the
US has practically all the climatic zones.
The main land mass of the US is in the temperate zone. The
climatic conditions of the country are determined by the great mountains and
the wind.
West of the Rocky Mountains, running all the way from the Canadian
border to Mexico, there are vast areas where almost no trees grow. In this
section of the country there are deserts, which receive as little as 12-13
centimeters of rainfall a year. Yet, west of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, there
are places in which 250 centimeters of rain fall annually. It is one of the
wettest places in the USA.
Hawaii, the 50th state, is a chain of over 100 islands, lying in the
Pacific and stretching from southeast to northwest for 2,575 kilometers. The
situation in Alaska is different. In those parts of the state which lie above
the Arctic Circle, Alaska still is a land of icebergs and polar bears. Ice
masses lie buried in the earth, which is permanently frozen land to a depth of
90 or more meters.
Natural resources include coal, copper, lead, molybdenum,
phosphates, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, silver, tungsten, zinc,
petroleum, natural gas, and timber.
Natural hazards are a great deal of problems for the USA. Every
year, they loose hundred millions of dollars, because of natural hazards. The
USA is famous for hurricanes along the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico coasts
and tornadoes in the Midwest and southeast; mud slides in California; forest
fires in the west; flooding.
Sometimes there are tsunamis, volcanoes and earthquakes happen.
Earthquakes are very often in California.
Talking about environment, one should add that air pollution
results in acid rains in both the US and Canada. The US is the largest single
emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels.
Water pollution from runoff of pesticides and fertilizers takes
place here.
Animal and plant life in USA
Many species were hunted to
extinction or near extinction, most conspicuously, perhaps, the American bison,
which ranged by the millions nearly from coast to coast. But now rarely lives
outside of zoos and wildlife preserves. The coyote, opossum, armadillo, and
several species of deer are among the animals that now occupy much larger
ranges than they once did.
The United States is rich in the variety of its native forest trees, some
of which, as the species of sequoia, are the most massive known. More than
1,000 species and varieties have been described, of which almost 200 are of
economic value.
A coniferous forest of white and red pine, hemlock, spruce, and
balsam fir extends interruptedly in a narrow strip near the Canadian border
from Maine to Minnesota and southward along the Appalachian Mountains. There
may be found smaller stands of tamarack, spruce, paper birch, willow, alder,
and aspen or poplar. Southward, a transition zone of mixed conifers and
deciduous trees gives way to a hardwood forest of broad-leaved trees. This
forest, with varying mixtures of maple, oak, ash, locust, linden, walnut,
hickory, sycamore, beech, once extended uninterruptedly from New England to Missouri
and eastern Texas.
Pines, palmettos, and live oaks are replaced at the southern tip
of Florida by the more tropical palms, figs, satinwood, and mangrove.
The alpine tundra, located in the conterminous United States only
in the mountains above the limit of trees, consists principally of small plants
that bloom brilliantly for a short season. Sagebrush is the most common plant
of the arid basins and semideserts west of the Rocky Mountains, but juniper,
nut pine, and mountain mahogany are often found on the slopes. The desert,
extending from south-eastern California to Texas, is noted for the many species
of cactus, some of which grow to the height of trees, and for the Joshua tree
and other yuccas, creosote bush, and acacias.
Questions:
1. What is
the climate in the USA?
2. What are the climatic conditions of the country determined by?
3. Where are there semi desert and desert climate conditions in the USA?
4. Where is the severe and very cold winter in the USA?
5. Where are the wettest places of the USA situated?
6. Where are the temperature changes between winter and summer little in the
USA?
7. What part of the USA coast is similar to that of England?
8. Where are great temperature changes between winter and summer in the USA?
9. Why is the climate favourable in Hawaii?
10. Where can we find the permanently frozen land in the USA?
11. Where can we find the midnight sun in the USA?
12. What
are the natural resources of the USA?
13. What country is the largest single emitter of carbon dioxide from the
burning of fossil fuels?
14. What natural hazards are common in the USA?
VII. Group work. Complete the table
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Country
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Climate
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Animals
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Plants
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Natural recourses
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USA
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Canada
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VIII. Revision of grammar.
IX.
Reflexion
X. Write
down your home task: The make a report by internet
Giving marks.
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