Приложение 1.
The Active
Vocabulary
- sensor - датчик
- a gauge
[geɪʤ]-
измерительный прибор
- transducer
[trænz'djuːsə
], [trɑːn-];
преобразователь; датчик; приёмник
***
a sensor
= a transducer
- fuel gauge
1) указатель уровня топлива в баке 2) топливный расходомер
- oil gauge
индикатор уровня нефтепродуктов, мерное стекло; масляный манометр
- pressure gauge - вакуумметр, датчик давления, манометр
- water gauge
['wɔːtəgeɪʤ]
- водомер
-v,
detect –
обнаруживать / выявлять
- a concept= an idea
- physical property - физическое
свойство
- to alter ['ɔːltə] =
change , adapt
- external stimulus
- внешний раздражитель
/ physical stimulus - физический
раздражитель,
физический
стимул
- to cause
– вызывать что-либо
- property ['prɒpətɪ]
- свойство; характеристика 2) качество
- modify - видоизменять,
изменять
- availability [əˌveɪlə'bɪlətɪ]
– доступность
- power
consumption - потребляемая мощность / расход энергии
-
variable - параметр; переменная (величина)
- environmental variables
параметры окружающей среды
- are considered
– рассматриваются
- input device -
входное устройство; устройство ввода
- output device -
устройство вывода; выходное устройство
- output-
выходной сигнал
- quantity ['kwɔntətɪ]-
величина, параметр
- junction ['ʤʌŋkʃ(ə)n]
- контакт, спай (в термопаре), стык, узел
- calibrate ['kælɪbreɪt]
– калибровать
- with respect to
- что касается!!!!!
- heat transfer
['træn(t)sfɜː] – теплопроводность
- capacitance
- (электрическая) ёмкость
- temperature sensor
- датчик температуры; термочувствительный элемент, термодатчик
- a proximity [prɔk'sɪmətɪ] sensor -
бесконтактный датчик, датчик зазора
- accelerometer
- акселерометр, измеритель ускорений
- light sensor -
светочувствительный датчик
- ultrasonic
sensor [ˌʌltrə'sɔnɪk] - ультразвуковой датчик
- smoke sensor
- детектор дыма
- alcohol sensor-
датчик для измерения концентрации алкоголя
- touch sensor -
контактный датчик
- humidity sensor
- датчик влажности, влагомер
- tilt sensor -
датчик наклона, электронный уровень
- flow sensor-
датчик расходомера
Приложение 2.
Sensor is
a device that detects or measures a physical property and records, indicates,
or otherwise responds to it.
Types of Sensors
Sensors are
classified based on the nature of quantity they measure. Following are the types
of sensors with few examples.
Sensor classification
1.) Based on the quantity being measured
- Temperature: Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD), Thermistor, Thermocouple
- Pressure: Bourdon
tube, manometer, diaphragms, pressure gauge
- Force/
torque:
Strain gauge, load cell
- Speed/
position: Tachometer, encoder, LVDT
- Light: Photo-diode, Light dependent resistor , and so on.
2.) Active and passive sensors:
Based on power requirement sensors can be classified as active and passive.
Active sensors are those which do not require external power source for their
functioning. They generate power within themselves to operate and hence called
as self-generating type. The energy for functioning is derived from the quantity
being measured. For example, piezoelectric crystal generate
electrical output (charge) when subjected to acceleration. Passive sensors
require external power source for their functioning. Most of the resistive,
inductive and capacitive sensors are passive (just as resistors, inductors and capacitors are called passive
devices).
3.) Analog and digital sensor: An analog sensor
converts the physical quantity being measured to analog form (continuous in
time). Thermocouple, RTD, Strain gauge are called analog
sensors. A digital sensor produces output in the form of pulse. Encoders are
example of digital sensors.
4.) Inverse sensors: There are some sensors which are
capable of sensing a physical quantity to convert it to other form and also
sense the output signal form to get back the quantity in original form. For
example, a piezoelectric crystal when subjected to vibration generates voltage.
At the same time when a piezo crystal is subjected to varying voltage they
begin to vibrate. This property make them suitable to use in microphone and
speakers.
So, the following is a list of different types of sensors
that are commonly used in various applications. All these sensors are used for
measuring one of the physical properties like Temperature, Resistance,
Capacitance, Conduction, Heat Transfer etc.
- Temperature Sensor
- Proximity Sensor
- Accelerometer
- IR Sensor (Infrared
Sensor)
- Pressure Sensor
- Light Sensor
- Ultrasonic Sensor
- Smoke, Gas and Alcohol
Sensor
- Touch Sensor
- Color Sensor
- Humidity Sensor
- Tilt Sensor
- Flow and Level Sensor
Приложение 3.
Task
1. Complete the spidergram. Use the words from the Active
Vocabulary.
a
light sensor
Task 2. Explain the main idea of the
following types of sensors. Use the Model.
Model: The light
sensor is a device that is used to detect light.
1. Light sensor
2. Temperature sensor
3. Smoke sensor
4. Gas sensor
5. Touch sensor
6. Pressure
sensor
7. Color sensor
8.
Humidity sensor
Task 3. Find the
pairs.
1
|
a proximity sensor
|
is an instrument used
to indicate the amount of fuel in a fuel tank.
|
2
|
a water gauge
|
used to
detect and monitor vibration in rotating machinery
|
3
|
oil pressure gauge
|
is an instrument that indicates the presence or the
quantity of water in a tank, reservoir, or boiler feed
|
4
|
a fuel gauge
|
is a sensor able to detect the presence of
nearby objects without any physical contact.
|
5
|
an accelerometer
|
- an instrument on the dashboard which indicates
the oil pressure as the oil is pumped through the engine.
|
Task 4. Find the pairs and write down the
words with the Russian equivalent in your copybooks.
1
|
a trans-
|
-
ure
|
измерять
|
2
|
gau -
|
-
tion
|
менять,
изменять
|
3
|
calib-
|
-
ility
|
преобразователь
|
4
|
meas-
|
-
er
|
раздражитель
|
5
|
junc-
|
-
ducer
|
датчик
|
6
|
stimu-
|
-
able
|
переменная
(величина); параметр
|
7
|
alt-
|
-
ge
|
величина;
значение
|
8
|
availab-
|
-
tude
|
контакт, спай
(в термопаре)
|
9
|
vari-
|
-
lus
|
калибровать
|
10
|
magni-
|
-
rate
|
доступность
|
Task 5. Match the pairs.
1
|
- fuel gauge
|
-
внешний раздражитель
|
2
|
- oil gauge
|
-
потребляемая мощность / расход энергии
|
3
|
- pressure gauge
|
- физическое
свойство
|
4
|
- water gauge
['wɔːtəgeɪʤ]
|
- свойство; характеристика 2) качество
|
5
|
- a concept
|
-
индикатор уровня нефтепродуктов, мерное стекло; масляный манометр
|
6
|
- physical
property
|
1)
указатель уровня топлива в баке 2) топливный расходомер
|
7
|
- to alter ['ɔːltə]
|
-
вакуумметр, датчик давления, манометр
|
8
|
- external stimulus
|
-
контакт, спай (в термопаре), стык, узел
|
9
|
- to cause something
|
а) водомер
|
10
|
- power
consumption
|
– калибровать
|
11
|
- property ['prɒpətɪ]
|
–
доступность
|
12
|
- modify
|
= change , adapt
|
13
|
- availability [əˌveɪlə'bɪlətɪ]
|
–
вызывать что-либо
|
14
|
- output
device
|
= an idea
|
15
|
-
junction ['ʤʌŋkʃ(ə)n]
|
-
видоизменять, изменять
|
16
|
- calibrate
['kælɪbreɪt]
|
-
устройство вывода; выходное устройство
|
Task 6. Find the explanation.
1
|
external
stimulus
|
a)
… is an instrument showing the pressure of fluid
|
2
|
junction ['ʤʌŋkʃ(ə)n]
|
b)
… mark or adjust it so that you can use it to measure something accurately
|
3
|
to
alter ['ɔːltə]
|
c)
… a peripheral device that accepts data and feeds it into a computer
|
4
|
input
device
|
d) … is a contact
between two different metals or other materials (in thermocouples)
|
5
|
a
transducer
|
e) … find out the size,
amount, or degree of (something) by using an instrument or device marked in
standard units or by comparing it with an object of known size
|
6
|
pressure
gauge
|
f)
… is something that encourages activity in things from outside.
|
7
|
a
sensor
|
g) … is an instrument
which reacts to certain physical conditions such as heat or light, and which
is used to provide information.
|
8
|
to
measure
|
h)
… is any device that converts one form of energy into another
|
9
|
calibrate an
instrument or tool
|
i)
= change , adapt
|
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