Презентация "We live in Russia"

Описание презентации по отдельным слайдам:

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  We live in Russia
  The presentation is made by Kuzheleva V.V., a teacher of English , school 1, Kirsanov
  

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  The Russian Federation
  

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  The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. It is situated on two continents: it covers the eastern part of Europe and northern part of Asia. The Urals form a natural border between the continents. The country is washed by 12 seas of 3 oceans: the Pacific, the Arctic and the Atlantic. Its total area is over 17 million square kilometres. The population of Russia is more than 145 million people. There are a lot of nationalities in Russia and people speak different languages. Russian is an official language.
  Russia is our native country.
  

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  There are a lot of Russian Symbols. One of them is the Russian national flag. This flag is made up of three horizontal stripes: white, blue and red. These colours have always been symbolic in Russia. They symbolize nobleness, honesty, courage and love.
  Another Russian symbol is a double – headed eagle. It was introduced in Russia in 1497 by Tsar Ivan III.
  The Russian National Flag and Coat of Arms
  

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  More than 150 nations and nationalities live on the territory of the Russian Federation. 80 % of the population is Russian, and 20% are the peoples of other nationalities. Every ethnic group has its own language and culture.
  Russia is a multinational country.
  

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  Moscow is not only the capital but also the largest industrial and cultural centre of the country. It is one of the oldest Russian cities. It was founded in 1147 by Yuri Dolgoruky. Moscow is famous for its beautiful old cathedrals, churches and monasteries, some of which date back to the 15th – 17th centuries. The historical centre of Moscow is Red Square and the Kremlin. It was built as a fortress on the bank of the Moskva River. It is surrounded by a high brick wall with 20 towers. The main tower is called Spasskaya. It is a symbol of Moscow.
  Moscow is the capital of Russia.
  

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  The Sights of Moscow
  

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  The Northern Capital of Russia
  is the City of St. Petersburg.
  
  It was founded by Peter the Great in 1703 and for over 200 years it was the capital of Russia.
  
  
  St. Petersburg started with the Peter and Paul Fortress, the first church of the city.
  
  

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  The City of White Nights
  
  St. Petersburg is situated on 42 islands. There are lots of rivers, brooks and canals in the city. The main rivers are the Neva, the Fontanka and the Moika.
  There are about 800 bridges over all rivers and canals. The most spectacular sight during white nights is the opening of some bridges to let the ships pass through.
  

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  The Sights of St. Petersburg
  

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  There are 13 cities in Russia with the population over 1 million people. The largest of them is Moscow(11 mln), the second is St. Petersburg (5 mln). Among cities – millionaires are Novosibirsk, Ekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Samara, Kazan, Omsk, Chelyabinsk, Rostov –on –Don, Ufa, Volgograd and Perm.
  
  Novosibirsk
  Ekaterinburg
  

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  There are many villages in Russia famous for their specific crafts. Russian old crafts are well – known all over the world. Tourists usually buy such traditional Russian souvenirs as Matryoshka dolls, beautifully painted mugs, plates and spoons from Khokhloma village, Gzhel tableware and Palekh boxes. Log houses decorated with wood carvings are typical of Russian villages.
  Russia is a country of great traditions.
  

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  Kizhi is an island near the center of the Lake Onega in the Republic of Karelia, in the north of Russia. It is about 6 km long, 1 km wide and is about 68 km away from the capital of Karelia, Petrozavodsk.
  Settlements and churches on the island were known from the 15th century. The population was rural, but was forced by the government to assist development of the ore mining and iron plants in the area that resulted in a major Kizhi Uprising in 1769–1771.
  In the 18th century, two major churches and a bell tower were built on the island, which are now known as Kizhi Pogost. In 1950s dozens of historical wooden buildings were moved to the island from various parts of Karelia for preservation purposes.
  Nowadays, the entire island and the nearby area form a national open-air museum with more than 80 historical wooden structures. The most famous is the Kizhi Pogost, which is a UNESCO World Heritage site.
  
  Kizhi
  

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  The first Russian nested dolls were carved in 1890 by Vasily Zvyozdochkin from a design by Sergey Malyutin, who was a folk crafts painter in the Abramtsevo estate of the Russian industrialist and patron of arts Savva Mamontov. The doll set was painted by Malyutin. Malyutin's doll set consisted of eight dolls—the outermost was a girl in a traditional dress holding a rooster(a cockerel ). The inner dolls were girls and a boy, and the innermost a baby.
  Zvyozdochkin and Malyutin were inspired by a doll from Honshu, the main island of Japan.
  Savva Mamontov's wife presented the dolls at the Exposition Universelle (1900) in Paris, where the toy earned a bronze medal. Soon after, matryoshka dolls were made in several places in Russia and shipped around the world.
  Matryoshka Dolls
  

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  Gzhel is a style of ceramics or porcelain which takes its name from the village of Gzhel (50 km from Moscow), where it has been produced since 1802. About thirty villages located southeast of Moscow produce this kind of pottery. The name Gzhel became associated with pottery in the 14th century. Gzhel pottery was originally created by potters in their homes, but later they started to organize workshops to increase production. The workshops eventually became a factory. The pottery was painted solid white and decorated with blue designs. Sometimes green, yellow, and brown colours are used for painting.
  Gzhel
  

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  Vologda is famous for its lace. People started lace – making in the late 18th century. Vologda lace is made of linen thread (льняная нить), and it is really beautiful. It is used for decorating curtains, bedcovers, towels and clothes. Delicate table mats and collars are especially good for presents.
  Vologda Lace
  

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  Palekh
  Palekh is a settlement and the administrative center of Palekhsky District of Ivanovo Region, Russia. Palekh has a very long history in Russian iconography, the art of painting Russian Orthodox icons for homes and churches. The village emerged as a leading center of Russian icon-painting in the nineteenth century. A good example of the Palekh school are the murals (фреска)and icons from the Church of the Exaltation of the Cross (built in 1762–1774).
  
  Today, Palekh is known primarily for Palekh miniature. Following the October Revolution with its atheist ideology, around 1923, the Palekh masters of iconography began to paint papier-mâché boxes applying the same principles they had learned from painting icons. Palekh is the most renowned of four famous villages, the others are Kholuy, Mstyora, and Fedoskino, each producing similar, but clearly distinct artistic style.
  They used mainly paints of bright colors and painted over a black background. The work usually represents themes from real life, fairy tales, literary works, and folk songs.
  

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  Khokhloma is the name of a Russian wood painting handicraft style and national ornament. It is known for its vivid flower patterns, red and gold colours over a black background. It first appeared in the second half of the 17th century in one of the districts of Nizhny Novgorod Region.
  The handicraft was named Khokhloma after a trade settlement in the same region, where craftsmen had been known for making and selling their handmade goods between the 18th and early 20th centuries. The making of khokhloma was first mentioned in 1659 in the letter of a boyar called Morozov. Unique works of Khoklhoma art can be seen in a Khokloma Museum that was opened in the factory of Semyonov in 1972. Among them there is a huge Khokloma spoon 2 meters and 67 cm large and a bowl one and a half meter large.
  
  Khokhloma
  

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  The scenery of Russia
  is diverse and amazing .
  We have thick forests
  and vast plains,
  

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  high mountains
  and deep valleys.
  

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  The wildlife and flora of Russia are rich, and the birch tree and the bear have become the symbols of the country.
  

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  The main mountain chains are
  the Caucasus, the Urals, the Altai.
  

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  Russia is rich in rivers and lakes. The longest
  river on the European territory is the Volga.
  

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  The main Siberian rivers are
  the Ob, the Enisei and the Lena.
  

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  Lake Baikal is the largest lake in Europe and Asia (636 km long and 80 km wide), and it is the deepest lake in the world (1,620 metres). The lake is one of the most impressive natural wonders. The water in the lake is so clear that you can see stones on the bottom at the depth of 40 metres. The lake region is home to a great variety of plants and animals, most of which – like nerpas and the omul salmon – are found nowhere else in the world. Since 1992 Lake Baikal and the surrounding area have become a national park.
  Baikal, the Pearl of Siberia
  

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  The climate of Russia varies from
  arctic in the north
  The lowest temperature in winter is – 67, 7 degrees. The average temperature in January is - 47 / – 50 degrees below zero.
  Verkhoyansk and Oimyakon are called the Pole of Cold.
  

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  to subtropical in the south.
  The southern parts of the country have warm temperatures all the year round.
  The coldest months are January and February with the average temperature +6 degrees.
  

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  Most territory of Russia has a temperate climate with cold winters and hot summers.
  

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  There is hardly a country in the world where such a variety of scenery and natural beauty can be found.
  
  There is no other country with such an originality of culture.
  
  Let us keep all this for future generations!