act up: misbehave (for people); not
work properly (for machines).
"The babysitter had a
difficult time. The children acted up all evening."
act
like: behave in a way that's like. "What's wrong with Bob? He's
acting like an idiot."
add up: find the
total.
"What's the total of
those bills? Could you add them up and see?"
back
off: not follow a threat. "Tom was ready to call the police
when I told him I'd wrecked his car, but he backed off when I said I'd pay for
the damages."
back up (1): move
backward; move in reverse.
"The people waiting in
line are too close to the door. We won't be able to open it unless they back
up."
back up (2): confirm
a story, facts, or information.
"If you don't believe me,
talk to Dave. He'll back me up."
back
up (3): make a "protection" copy to use if there are
problems with the original. "When my computer crashed, I lost many of my
files. It's a good thing I backed them up."
blow up (1): explode;
destroy by exploding.
A:
"That old building really came down quickly!"
B: "That's because the
construction company used dynamite to blow it up."
blow up (2): suddenly become very angry.
"When I told Jerry that I'd had an accident with his car, he blew
up."
break down: stop
working or functioning. "Sharon will be late for work today. Her car broke
down on the freeway."
break
in: enter by using force and breaking a lock, window, etc.
"Jane's apartment was burglarized last night. Someone broke
in while Jane was at the movies."
break up: end a
personal relationship. "I'm sorry to hear that their marriage broke up.
I'm sure the divorce will be difficult for the children."
bring
up: raise; rear.
"Lucy's parents died when she was a baby. Her grandparents
brought her up."
burn
up: cause someone to become very angry.
"Did you hear how rudely Fred talked to me? That
really burned me up!"
butt
in: impolitely interrupt a conversation, an action.
"Hey, you! Don't butt in! Wait for your turn!"
butter up: praise
someone excessively with the hope of getting some benefit. "I guess Marty
really wants to be promoted. He's been buttering his boss up all week."
call
off: cancel something that has been scheduled.
"We don't have school today. The mayor called classes
off because of the snow."
calm
down: become calm, less agitated or upset.
"Why are you so upset? Suzie
didn't intend to spill orange juice on you. Calm down!"
care
for: take care of; supply care to; attend, watch.
"Amy's father got out of the hospital last week. The
family is caring for him at home."
catch
on: develop understanding or knowledge of something.
"Bill had never used a computer until he took this
class, but he caught on very quickly and is now one of the best students."
catch up with: stop
being behind. "Terry stopped to rest for a few minutes. He'll catch up
with us later."
check
in: register for at a hotel, conference, etc.; let someone know
officially that you have arrived.
"When you arrive at the conference, be sure to check
in at the registration desk."
check
out: follow procedures for leaving a hotel, etc.
"Don't forget to take your room key to the front desk
when you check out.
cheer
up: help someone feel less worried, depressed, sad.
"Suzie's brother was depressed about not getting a
promotion, so she sent him a funny card to cheer him up."
chew out: scold
someone severely; berate. "Tom's father was really angry when Tom didn't
come home until 3:00 AM. He chewed Tom out and then said Tom had to stay at
home for two weeks."
come
across: find unexpectedly.
"I've lost my extra car keys. If you come across them
while you're cleaning the room, please put them in a safe place."
come down with: become
ill with. "George won't be at the office today. He came down with the flu
over the weekend."
count
on: depend on; trust that something will happen or that someone will
do as expected.
"I'm counting on you to wake me up tomorrow. I know I
won't hear the alarm."
cut
back: use less of something. "You drink too much coffee. You
should cut back."
do in: to
kill; to murder. "The said that the murdered man was done in between 10
and 11 o'clock last night."
do
over: do something again.
"Oh, no! I forgot to save my report before I
turned the computer off! Now I'll have to do it over!"
drag on: last
much longer than expected or is necessary.
"I thought the meeting would be a short one, but it
dragged on for more than three hours."
drop
off: deliver something; deliver someone by giving him a ride.
"You don't have to take a taxi. You live fairly close
to me, so I'll be happy to drop you off."
drop in: visit
informally and usually without scheduling a specific time. "If you're in
town next month, we'd love to see you. Please try to drop in.
drop
out: stop attending, leave school or an organization.
"No, Paul isn't at the university. He dropped out.
eat out: have
a meal in a restaurant. "I'm too tired to cook tonight. Why don't we eat
out?"
end
up: arrive somewhere as a result or consequence.
"You're working too hard. If you don't take it easy,
you'll end up in the hospital!"
face up to: admit
to; take responsibility for. "You can't pretend that you're doing OK in
this course, Joe. Sooner or later, you'll have to face up to the fact that
you're failing it."
figure out: logically
find the answer to a problem; solve a problem by thinking about it carefully.
"For a long time I couldn't understand the last
problem, but I finally figured it out."
figure
out: understand why someone behaves the way she does.
"I
can't figure Margie out. Sometimes she's very warm and friendly and sometimes
she acts as if she doesn't know me."
fill
in: add information to a form.
"The office needs to know your home address and phone
number. Could you fill them in on this form?"
fill
out: complete a form by adding required information.
"Of course I completed my application! I filled it out
and mailed it over three weeks ago!"
find
out: learn, get information.
"I'm sorry that you didn't know the meeting had been
canceled. I didn't find out myself until just a few minutes ago."
get across: make
something understood; communicate something understandably. "Alan is
really intelligent but sometimes he has problems getting his ideas
across."
get
along: have a friendly relationship with; be friendly.
"Why can't you and your sister get along? Everyone
else gets along with her just fine!"
get around: move from place to place.
"She doesn't have a car. She gets around by bicycle, bus, or taxi."
get
by: survive, financially, in a difficult situation.
"It's going to be hard to pay the rent now that you've
lost your job, but somehow we'll get by."
get in: enter a
small, closed vehicle. "I don't know where Carole was going. She just got
in her car and drove away."
get off: leave a
large, closed vehicle. "When you get off the bus, cross the street, turn
right on Oak Street, and keep going until you're at the corner of Oak and
Lincoln Boulevard."
get over (1): finish.
"What time do your classes get over?"
get
over (2): recover from an illness or painful experience.
"Katy was really upset
when she failed the test. She thought she would never get over feeling so
stupid."
get
rid of: dispose of; give away or throw away.
"That shirt is really ugly. Why don't you get rid of
it?"
get rid of: dismiss
someone; fire someone from a job; cause someone to leave. "The treasurer
of the Microsoft Company was spending too much money so the company president
got rid of him."
give
up: stop doing something (usually a habit).
"He knows smoking isn't good for his health, but he
can't give it up."
grow
up: spend the years between being a child and being an adult.
"Did you know that Frank
grew up in
Malaysia?"
grow
up: behave responsibly; behave as an adult, not a child.
A: "Lee really irritates me sometimes. He's really
silly and childish." B: "I agree. I wish he would grow up."
hand
in: submit homework, an assignment, etc.
"You'd better get started on your report. You know
that you have to hand it in at 8:30 tomorrow morning!"
hand
out: distribute.
"Why don't you have a course description and list of
assignments? The teacher handed them out on the first day of class."
hang
up: end a phone conversation by replacing the receiver.
"I'd like to talk longer, but I'd better hang up. My
sister needs to make a call."
hold up: delay.
"I'm sorry I'm late. There was an accident on the
freeway and traffic held me up."
keep
on: continue
"I'm not ready to stop yet.
I think I'll keep on working for a while."
kick
out: expel; force someone to leave
because of his poor performance
or unac- make up: compensate for
something missed ceptable behavior. or not done by doing extra or equivalent
"Jim's club kicked him out because he didn't work.
pay his
dues or come to meetings." "I'm sorry I missed the
test. May I make it up?"
knock
out: make unconscious.
"That medicine really knocked me out. I slept mix up: cause to become confused.
for 14 hours straight!" "I
didn't complete the assignment because I
didn't
know how. The directions mixed me up
lay off: dismiss
someone from a job because of lack of work or money (not because of pass away: die.
poor performance) "I
was very sorry to hear that your grandfa-
"I feel really sorry Sally's family. Her father
ther passed away." was laid off yesterday."
pass out: faint; lose consciousness.
leave out: forget;
omit. "When Ella heard that she'd won a
million
"Oh, no! When I made the list of those who dollars,
she was so shocked that she passed attended the meeting, I left your name
out!" out."
let down: disappoint. pass out: distribute.
"I know I let you down when I didn't do what "Everyone in the
room needs one of these
I
promised. I'm really sorry." information sheets. Who will help me pass
them out?"
look forward to: anticipate
pleasantly; think about a pleasant thing before it hap- pick out: choose; select.
pens "Billy's
grandmother especially liked her
"I'm really looking forward to vacation. I birthday
card because Billy had picked it out
can't
wait for it to begin!" himself."
look into: investigate,
get more details pick up: lift;
take up.
about something. "Those
books don't belong on the floor. Will
"Someone said there was a meeting at 9:30 you
help me pick them up?" but I haven't heard anything about it. Shall I
look into
it?" pull over: drive a vehicle to the side of the
rode.
look like: resemble
in appearance. "When the policeman indicated that I should
"Does
he look like his father or his mother?" pull over, I knew he was going to
give me a ticket."
look
over: check; review.
"I think I may have some typos in this report. put off: postpone; delay; avoid.
Could you
look it over?" "I can't put this work off any longer. If I don't do
it soon, it'll be impossible to finish it in
run
into: meet by chance.
"Yesterday at the supermarket, Jan ran into her former
roommate. Before yesterday, they hadn't seen each other for nearly five
years."
run out of: use the last of. "On the way
home from work, Art ran out of gas."
set up: make
arrangements for something. "You'll see Mr. Thomas tomorrow. I've set a
meeting up for 9:30 AM."
stand
out: be noticeably better than other similar people or things.
"Good job, Ann! Your work really stands out!"
show up: arrive;
appear. "The boss was very upset when you didn't show up for the meeting.
What happened?"
stand
for: represent.
"These letters seem to be an abbreviation. Do you know
what they stand for?"
stand
for: tolerate; permit (usually negative).
"I'm not surprised that Mrs. Johnson rejected your
report. She won't stand for shoddy work."
take after: resemble;
favor (in appearance). "Both my sister and I take after our father."
take back: return.
"This book is due tomorrow. I guess I should take it
back to the library."
take
care of: provide care for; watch one's health.
"You've been working too
hard lately. You'd better take care of yourself!"
take up: begin a hobby or leisure-time
activity.
A: "Do you like to
ski?"
B: "I've never been skiing, but I
think I'd like to take it up."
try
on: wear something briefly to check its fit, how it looks, etc.
"I'm not sure that jacket is large enough. May I try
it on?"
try
out: use a machine briefly to determine how well it works.
"I really like the way this car looks. May I try it
out?"
turn
around: move so that you are facing the opposite direction.
"Everyone turned around and stared when I entered the
meeting late."
turn down: decrease the volume. "Your
music is giving me a headache! Please turn it down or use your
headphones!"
turn down: refuse.
"I thought I could borrow some money from Joe, but
when I asked, he turned me down."
turn
in: give, deliver, submit to someone. "I've written my report,
but I haven't turned
it in."
turn off: stop by
turning a handle or switch. "I'm cold. Do you mind if I turn the air
conditioner off?"
turn off: bore;
repel (very informal). "That music turns me off. Please play something
else!"
turn
on (1): start by turning a handle or switch.
turn
up: appear unexpectedly.
"We were all surprised when Pam turned up at the
party. We didn't even know she was in town."
watch out for: be
careful of; beware of. "There's a school at the end of this block. Watch
out for children crossing the street."
wear out: cause
to become exhausted; cause to become very tired. "I had four different
meetings today. They wore me out."
work
out( 1): exercise to build muscles, body tone, etc.
"Instead of eating lunch on Monday, Wednesday, and
Friday, Sheila goes to the recreation center to work out."
work
out (2): solve a problem, resolve a difficult situation (usually by
working together).
"I know we disagree on many points, but I believe we
can work things out."
wrap up (1): wear enough clothes to
keep warm.
"It's really cold today. Be
sure you wrap up when you leave the house."
wrap
up (2): finish something; bring something to a conclusion.
"We've been talking about
the problem for nearly three hours.
I hope we'll be able to wrap the discussion up soon."
write down: record
something in writing. "Could you tell me your e-mail address again? I want
to write it down."
write up: record;
report in writing. "You'll need to make a report on your business
meetings. Be sure you write them up as soon as possible after you return from
your trip."
zonk
out: fall asleep quickly because of exhaustion.
"I intended to go shopping
after work, but I was so tired that I zonked out as soon as I
got home."
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