Методическая
разработка урока по теме «Проблемы коренного населения США ( пенобоскоты-малая
народность штата Мэн)»
Для
учащихся 11 классов к УМК “Enjoy English” под редакцией Биболетовой
М.З.
Урок
разработан учителем высшей категории МБОУ Гимназия №1 Орзаевой Р.Р.
Урок
разработан в форме урока-лекции с использованием аудиоматериала с
информационно-обучающего сайта www.english-easy.info listening
1. Урок - лекция
Как
правило, это уроки, на которых излагается значительная часть теоретического
материала изучаемой темы.
В зависимости от дидактических задач и логики учебного материала распространены
вводные, установочные, текущие и обзорные лекции. По характеру изложения и
деятельности учащихся лекция может быть информационной, объяснительной, лекцией
- беседой и т.д.
Лекционная форма проведения урока целесообразна при:
- изучении нового
материала, мало связанного с ранее изученным;
- рассмотрении
сложного для самостоятельного изучения материала;
- подаче информации
крупными блоками, в плане реализации теории укрупнения дидактических
единиц в обучении;
- выполнении
определенного вида заданий по одной или нескольким темам, разделам и т.д.
- применении
изученного материала при решении практических задач.
Структура лекции определяется выбором темы и цели урока. Другими словами,
лекция строится на сочетании этапов урока, организации, постановке цели и
актуализации знаний; сообщении знаний учителем и усвоении их учениками; определении
домашнего задания.
В
приведенном ниже варианте урока-лекции лектором не является сам учитель, а дети
прослушивают информацию с сайта, адрес которого указан выше.
Структура урока:
1. создание проблемной ситуации при постановке темы, цели и задач
лекции;
2. ее разрешение при реализации намеченного плана лекции;
3. выделение опорных знаний и умений и их оформление с помощью
органайзера, где дети фиксируют свои прежние, а затем новые знания о коренных
индейцев , и далее фиксируются выводы с помощью наводящих вопросов уителя.
4. воспроизведение учащимися опорных знаний и умений по образцам,
конспектам; блок - конспектам; опорным конспектам и т.д.
5. применение полученных знаний при обсуждении полученной информации
в группах
6.обобщение и систематизация изученной информации при выполнении
домашнего задания.
7. подведение итогов
Цель
урока
|
Формирование
ключевых языковых компетенций на уроке английского языка.
|
|
|
Задачи
урока:
Обучающая: введение нового лексического материала, активизировать употребление
лексики по теме, продолжить формирование навыков говорения, письма и
аудирования.
Развивающая: развивать речевые умения учащихся, внимание,
память, познавательную активность, умение работать самостоятельно и в группах Воспитательные: развивать
настойчивость и умение преодолевать трудности для достижения намеченной
цели;активизировать познавательную инициативу обучающихся и формировать их
социальную компетентность.
УУД:
|
Личностные:
– формирование познавательных мотивов обучающихся;
– развитие мысленного воспроизведения ситуации.
Регулятивные:
– планирование алгоритма построения диалога с партнерами;
– владение навыками самоанализа и самооценки своей деятельности.
Коммуникативные:
– продуктивное взаимодействие обучающихся в решении поставленной задачи;
– участие в небольших устных высказываниях, «удерживая» логику повествования
и предоставление убедительных доказательств;
– написание мини-эссе, используя информацию, полученную на уроке.
Познавательные:
– импровизация, высказывание предположений, обсуждение проблемных вопросов;
– самостоятельное создание способов решение проблем поискового характера;
– комплексный анализ приобретенных знаний на уроке.
|
|
|
I. Мотивация. Детям показывается
фотографии индейских племен и задаются наводящие вопросы.
Who are
these people?
Where do
they live?
What do you
know about them?
What
problems do they have?
Здесь обязательно надо
коснуться темы малых народов не только севера, но и народов Кавказа, Нижнего
Поволжья.
What do you
know about people who live in the North, in the South of Russia? In America?
II. Дается небольшая информация
о пенобоскотах, живущих в штате Мэн. The word Penobscot is usually defined
in English as "a rocky place." There is a traditional story that the
people tell about their creation.
Long ago, a
group of people lived along a stream. Then a huge frog came and drank most of
the water in the stream. The people began to suffer. But after a while, a
hero with great power made himself into a giant. This man pulled up a big pine
tree and struck the frog.
The frog
exploded. The water inside fell into the hole left by the pine tree. It
became a river. This river had a place where the water ran over big white rocks.
The people took their name from that place. They were the Penobscot Nation.
III. Создается Mind Map, где
собираем схематично всю ту информацию, которую мы знаем о коренных индейцах.
IV. Вводим новые слова для
снятия трудности восприятия:
Treaty-договор, establish-устанавливать, award-награда, provide-обеспечивать, drug-store-аптека, purchase-закупка.
V. Задаем вопросы, на которые
должны ответить учащиеся после прослушивания первой части текста. Проверка осуществляется фронтальным опросом.
1. How many people
are there among the Penobscot Indians?
2. Where do
they live?
3. What is a
common problem for American Indian tribes?
4. What do
they do to earn money?
VI. Слушаем первую часть, после
которой учащиеся отвечают на заданные ранее вопросы.
VII. Перед прослушиванием второй
части учащиеся разбиваются на три группы. Во второй части учащиеся услышат об
экономических проблемах индейцев и о путях их решения. У каждой группы будет
задание рассказать о своей проблеме, ответив на вопросы к своей части.
I group-
making canoes: Is it
easy to make a canoe? How many people will make a canoe? How much will they
need?
II group-
drug-stores: Why is
it called a non-traditional kind of drug store? Where would the Penebscot sell
the drugs? How much will the need?
III
group- reconnect the Penobscot River with the Atlantic Ocean: Is the reconnection useful for the
economy? What has this reconnection provided the Indians with? How much has
the Restoration Project received?
VII. Слушаем вторую часть и
выполняем задание.
VIII. Третья часть является
итоговой. Задание к этой части будет предложено в виде таблицы, которую
учащимся следует заполнить.
New information about the Penobscot Indian Nation
|
The main ways of deciding their economic problems
|
Effectiveness of their work
|
|
|
1. Compare the problems and their solutions.
2. Do you find them effective?
3. Why?
4. Why not?
5. Give arguments.
|
IX. Домашнее задание.
Базовый
уровень: краткое изложение «Проблемы коренных индейцев США».
Продвинутый
уровень: «Дать сравнительный анализ проблем малых народностей России и коренных
индейцев Америки» на основе прослушанного текста.
X. Подводим итоги совместно с
учащимися.
Текст для прослушивания:
Penobscot Indians in Maine See New Hope for Economic Future.
Welcome to THIS IS AMERICA in VOA Special English. I'm
Faith Lapidus. And I'm Steve Ember.
In 2003 we did a program on the Penobscot Indians in Maine.
Today we revisit the tribe to report on some new possibilities for their
economic future.
The Penobscot Indian Nation is among hundreds of Native
American tribes recognized by the federal government. These tribes have
treaties with the government. Those treaties establish special rights for
America's remaining Indians as nations within a nation.
The Penobscot Nation has about 3,000 members. Five hundred
or so live on Indian Island in the Penobscot River in Maine. Most others live
in different parts of that small state in the Northeast.
Cross the bridge from the mainland to Indian Island, and you
enter the heart of the Penobscot Indian Nation. Homes stand along with trees
of all kinds. The island is not far from the Great North Woods.
During the warmer months, Indian Island is very green. In
winter, there is snow. Temperatures can drop far below freezing.
Many years ago, the Penobscot Indians began to lose their
traditional ways to support themselves. Dams went up along the Penobscot River
where they fished. As manufacturing arrived, some fish and animals along the
river disappeared. Many of the Indians could find work only in low-paying
industries. Others could not find jobs at all.
Poverty has been a common problem for years for American
Indian tribes. Now, many have found a way to earn money and reduce their
dependence on federal aid. They operate casinos on, and in some cases off,
tribal lands. These operations collected eighteen-and-a-half thousand million
dollars last year.
That is the estimate of the National Indian Gaming
Association. It was a 10% increase from the year before. The group says
Indian casinos have created more than half a million jobs, three out of four
held by non-Indians.
But in 2003, voters in Maine rejected a proposed casino that
the Penobscot Nation and another tribe wanted to operate. That casino would
have been off what is officially recognized as tribal land.
(MUSIC)
The Penobscot Indians have tried other ways to earn money.
One idea has been to sell traditional Indian canoes made by hand. But a tribal
official says each small boat takes several people 400 hours.
Now, the Penobscot may get more chances for factory work.
The Maine Technology Institute has awarded $200,000 to the Penobscot and four
other tribes in the state.
An agreement among state officials, the tribes and a Maine
manufacturing group made this award possible. The director of the Maine
Manufacturing Extension Partnership says the Defense Department might provide
the Indians with factory work.
And there are other economic hopes. The Penobscot may open
a non-traditional kind of drug store to sell medicines imported from Canada.
Maine is on the border with Canada. Medicines, even American-made drugs, often
cost far less in Canada than in the United States.
The Penobscot would order prescription drugs from Canada
under a plan announced by Maine Governor John Baldacci. So far, drug safety
officials in the United States government have rejected similar plans by other
states. But some states and cities are not honoring the government's wishes.
They are suggesting that their citizens buy medicines over the Internet from
Canada.
Technically, it is illegal for Americans to go to Canada to
bring back medicine. Yet many older people do just that.
Maine Senator Olympia Snowe and senators from other states
have proposed a measure in Congress. It would permit the purchase of medicines
from Canada and other nations.
The United States government has said it could not guarantee
the safety and effectiveness of imported drugs. But the drugs would be
inspected under this proposed legislation.
The proposed mail-order business in Maine is part of an
effort by that state to reduce the cost of prescription medicines. Maine says
it will campaign to get poor people to use the service once the Penobscot store
is ready.
The poor receive government help with medical costs. The
state health department says the plan, if successful, could save millions of
dollars during the next two years.
The Penobscot would sell the medicines to individuals and
drug stores in Maine. Under the governor's plan, those stores would sell the
drugs at reduced prices. Drug stores argue that this plan would rob them of
profits.
The Penobscot would operate the store on Indian Island. An
old storage building is being improved for this purpose. The nearby community
of Old Town, Maine, will ask the state for $400,000 for the restoration.
Penobscot Chief Jim Sappier says the tribe will not make a
lot of money. But he says the plan will create jobs. Forty Penobscot could be
working in the drug store within a year.
The possibility of a new industry is not the only good
news. There is a plan to re-connect the Penobscot River with the Atlantic
Ocean. This connection had always provided the Indians with excellent fishing
and hunting. Then came development and manufacturing.
Last June the Penobscot River Restoration Project received
almost $1,000,000 in federal money. The goal is to improve more than 800
kilometers of river and the area into which it drains. Removing dams will let
Atlantic salmon back into the river along with ten other kinds of fish.
(MUSIC)
For now, members of the Penobscot Indian Nation go on with
their lives much as usual. Children go to the elementary school on Indian
Island. Young people attend events at the Boys and Girls Club. Not long ago,
some local volunteers collected more than $3.000 for the club. To raise the
money, they jumped into a pool of water in temperatures of minus 21 degrees
Celsius.
If you visit Indian Island, one of the first buildings you
see is the Penobscot Nation Museum.
As you step through the door, you feel as though you have
entered the past. A world of traditional culture surrounds you. You pass
walking sticks and ceremonial clubs. There are also snow sticks. People use
these to play a game in the snow. Tribal artists have carved beautiful designs
into the objects in the exhibits.
You see baskets made of sweet grass and from trees that grow
on the Penobscot land. There are drums and jewelry -- necklaces, bracelets,
earrings and rings. And there are moccasin shoes made of animal skin and
trimmed with beads. The objects in the museum describe a way of life that
began thousands of years before European explorers arrived.
Much of the Penobscot homeland once extended north to what
is now Canada. Today many Penobscot Indians live in the same area where their
ancestors lived.
In earlier spring times, the Penobscot followed the river to
the Atlantic coast. They caught salmon and other fish. And they caught
shellfish. When fall came, they hunted elk, moose, deer and smaller animals
along the river.
Members of Indian nations are United States citizens. They
have most of the same duties and responsibilities as other Americans. But they
also make rules for themselves.
A tribal council governs the Penobscot reservation and
provides local services. A chief, called a sagama, heads this group.
The word Penobscot is usually defined in English as "a
rocky place." There is a traditional story that the people tell about
their creation.
Long ago, a group of people lived along a stream. Then a
huge frog came and drank most of the water in the stream. The people began to
suffer. But after a while, a hero with great power made himself into a giant.
This man pulled up a big pine tree and struck the frog.
The frog exploded. The water inside fell into the hole left
by the pine tree. It became a river. This river had a place where the water
ran over big white rocks. The people took their name from that place. They
were the Penobscot Nation.
Our program was written by Jerilyn Watson and produced by
Caty Weaver. Internet users can learn more about the Penobscot at
penobscotnation.org. I'mSteveEmber. AndI'mFaithLapidus. The Penobscot Indians
have tried other ways to earn money. One idea has been to sell traditional
Indian canoes made by hand. But a tribal official says each small boat takes
several people 400 hours.
Now, the Penobscot may get more chances for factory work.
The Maine Technology Institute has awarded $200,000 to the Penobscot and four
other tribes in the state.
An agreement among state officials, the tribes and a Maine
manufacturing group made this award possible. The director of the Maine
Manufacturing Extension Partnership says the Defense Department might provide the
Indians with factory work.
And there are other economic hopes. The Penobscot may open
a non-traditional kind of drug store to sell medicines imported from Canada.
Maine is on the border with Canada. Medicines, even American-made drugs, often
cost far less in Canada than in the United States.
The Penobscot would order prescription drugs from Canada
under a plan announced by Maine Governor John Baldacci. So far, drug safety
officials in the United States government have rejected similar plans by other
states. But some states and cities are not honoring the government's wishes.
They are suggesting that their citizens buy medicines over the Internet from
Canada.
Technically, it is illegal for Americans to go to Canada to
bring back medicine. Yet many older people do just that.
Maine Senator Olympia Snowe and senators from other states
have proposed a measure in Congress. It would permit the purchase of medicines
from Canada and other nations.
The United States government has said it could not guarantee
the safety and effectiveness of imported drugs. But the drugs would be
inspected under this proposed legislation.
The proposed mail-order business in Maine is part of an
effort by that state to reduce the cost of prescription medicines. Maine says
it will campaign to get poor people to use the service once the Penobscot store
is ready.
The poor receive government help with medical costs. The
state health department says the plan, if successful, could save millions of
dollars during the next two years.
The Penobscot would sell the medicines to individuals and
drug stores in Maine. Under the governor's plan, those stores would sell the
drugs at reduced prices. Drug stores argue that this plan would rob them of
profits.
The Penobscot would operate the store on Indian Island. An
old storage building is being improved for this purpose. The nearby community
of Old Town, Maine, will ask the state for $400,000 for the restoration.
Penobscot Chief Jim Sappier says the tribe will not make a
lot of money. But he says the plan will create jobs. Forty Penobscot could be
working in the drug store within a year.
The possibility of a new industry is not the only good
news. There is a plan to re-connect the Penobscot River with the Atlantic
Ocean. This connection had always provided the Indians with excellent fishing
and hunting. Then came development and manufacturing.
Last June the Penobscot River Restoration Project received
almost $1,000,000 in federal money. The goal is to improve more than 800
kilometers of river and the area into which it drains. Removing dams will let
Atlantic salmon back into the river along with ten other kinds of fish.
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